高中英语语法大全3(3)

9. Have you ever been to Hangzhou,_____is famous for the West Lake?
10. Have you ever bee to Hangzhou, ______lies the West Lake?
11. Tom will go to Shanghai,______live his two brothers.
12. I live in Beijing,____is the capital of China.
13. There was a time ______there were slaves in the USA.
14. It is the third time ______you have made the same mistake.
15. It was in the street _____I met John yesterday.
16. It was about 600 years ago____the first clock with a face and an hour hand was made.
17. The moment _____I saw you, I recognized(认出)you.
18. This is the very novel about____we've talked so much.
19. This is the way____he did it.
20. Who is the student _____was late for school today?
21. Who _____knows him wants to make friends with him?
22. What else was there in my brother____you didn't like?
23. He lives in the room____window faces to the south.
24. He lives in the room, the window_____faces to the south.
25. This is Mr. John for____son I brought a book yesterday.
26. This is Mr. John for_____I bought a book yesterday.
27. This is the hour_____the place is always full of women and children.
28. And there is one point ______I'd like your advice.
29. Winter is the time of year______the days are short and nights are long.
30. I hope you will find this valley a beautiful place____you may spend your weekend.
 
KEYS:
 
1. when   2. when  3. which   4. that/which   5. that
6. where   7. that/which  8. where  9. which   10. where
11. where   12. which  13. when   14. that   15. that
16. that   17. (that)   18. which    19. (that/in which)   20.that
21.that   22 that   23.whose    24. of which   25. whose
26. whom    27. when   28. that    29. that     30. where
 
 
 
 
 
 第八章 被动语态
 
 
 
一、语态概述
 
　　英语的语态是通过动词形式的变化表现出来的。英语中有两种语态：主动语态和被动语态。
 
　　主动语态表示主语是动作的执行者。巧记为：主动、主动、主去动。
　　被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者，即行为动作的对象。巧记为：被动、被动、主被动。例如：
    English is spoken by many people.主语English是动词speak的承受者。
 
　　主动态和被动态指的是动词形式，是词法概念；而主动句和被动句则指的是句子结构，从而是句法概念。所谓主动句就是由主动态动词(词组)作谓语动词的句子，而被动句则是由被动态动词(词组)作谓语动词的句子。例如：
     He opened the door.他开了门。(主动句)
　 The door was opened.门被开了。(被动句)
 
　　二、被动语态的构成
 
　　被动语态由“助动词be＋及物动词的过去分词”构成。人称、数和时态的变化是通过be的变化表现出来的。现以teach为例说明被动语态在各种时态中的构成。
 
　　一般现在时：am／is／are＋taught
 
　　一般过去时：was／were＋taught
 
　　一般将来时：will／shall be＋taught
 
　　现在进行时：am／is／are being＋taught
 
　　过去进行时：have／has been＋taught
 
　　现在完成时：have／has been＋taught
 
　　记忆歌诀：被动语态be字变，过去分词跟后面。
 
     注意：区分被动语态与“be+过去分词”结构
 
　　be+过去分词”并不一定都是被动语态，有时是系表结构。当“be+过去分词”表示动作时为被动语态，be是助动词，be后面的过去分词是主要动词，动作的对象是主语；当“be +过去分词”表示主语所处的状态时为系表结构，be是连系动词。be后面的过去分词是表语，相当于形容词。其区分办法如下：
 
　　1 如果强调动作或句中有介词by引导出动作的执行者，该句一般为被动语态，否则为系表结构。例如:The glass is broken.玻璃杯碎了。(系表结构) The glass was broken by the boy.玻璃杯被那男孩打碎了。(被动语态)
 
　　2 如果句中有地点、频率或时间状语时，一般为被动语态。如：The magazine is published in  Shanghai.这家杂志出版于上海。(被动语态)The door is locked.门锁着。(系表结构)The door has already/just been locked.门已经/刚刚被锁上。(被动语态)The shop is opened.这家商店开门了。(系表结构) The shop is opened at 8 a.m. everyday.这家商店每天上午八点开门。(被动语态)
 
　　3 被动语态除用于一般时态和完成时态外，还可以用于其他各种时态，而系表结构中的系动词be只有一般时态和完成时态。
 
　　三、被动语态的用法
 
　　1 不知道或没有必要说明动作的执行者是谁。例如：
　　1) Some new computers were stolen last night.
　　     一些新电脑在昨晚被盗了。(不知道电脑是谁偷的)
　　2) This book was published in 1981.这本书出版于1981年。